| Vocabulary | |
| Network | A physically interconnected group of computers running software that allows them to share flies and resources. |
| Server | A computer running administrative software that controls access to the network and it resources. The server acts as the network's file cabinet, providing data files to other computers on the network. |
| Print Server | A computer (either a server or client) that has a printer physically attached to it. Other workstations may print to that printer via the network, but print jobs are controlled by the print server. |
| Client | A computer which is connected to the server and relies on the server for data files and network connections. |
| Peer-to Peer Network |
A network in which all of the computers can be used as clients/servers. Typically data files are stored on just one of the computers and other computers communicate with it to retrieve and store data. Usually for small networks (up to to 10 stations).
Advantages: less expensive, more space efficient, easier to maintain, can be upgraded to a dedicated system Disadvantages: cannot handle a great deal of network traffic |
| Client/Server Network |
A network in which one computer is designated as the server and handles network administration tasks. Other computers (clients) are dependent on the server for network connections. Usually for larger networks (more than 10 stations).
Advantages: faster, can handle a great deal of growth Disadvantages: more expensive, can be more technical and usually requires a local certified technician to maintain back top |
| Server Considerations | |
| Performance |
There are many performance factors that should be considered when implementing a dedicated server network configuration:
Processor: The faster the processor, the faster the system can execute functions and process information. Hard drive: The type and rotational speed of the hard drive can have a major impact on network performance. SCSI drives and primarily used for high performance drive arrays and server systems. IDE drives are common on personal computers. SCSI drives generally provide more data throughput than IDE drives. However, the rotational speed of the disks in the hard drive is the largest factor in the performance of the drive. The higher the rotational speed of the drive the more data the system can read and write from the drive in a given amount of time. Memory: In general, the more memory (RAM) the system has the better. In additions, newer memory standards on newer systems make if possible to transfer more data at a time. Networking speed: Network cards and switches should all be rated for 100 MB/s performance. Using older and slower network cards may cause network performance issues. |
| Reliability | RAID 1 or RAID 5 are recommended to add additional fault tolerance and reliability to your server system. However, implementing RAID is not a backup solution. |
| Expandability | Servers should be purchased with expandability in mind. You should consider whether the server will allow you to add more disk capacity, more memory, additional devices and whether the base system can be upgraded to faster or multiple processors. |
| Location |
If you are a smaller practice and plan to use your server as a workstation as well, you should place that computer in a practice location where it will be used infrequently. Front desk computers are used more often and can slow down network functions if also used as a file server. As a general rule, if you have more than 7-10 workstations, you should consider a dedicated server that is not used as a workstation by anyone.
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| Proper Hardware Installation | |
| Network Wiring |
Having your hardware installed properly is as important as choosing the proper network environment. Most network difficulties in a practice can be traced to improper cabling or other installation problems.
Network wiring needs to be installed by a Certified Network installer! Do not have an electrician or phone wiring professional install your network cables. Many computer stores may say the know how to install a network but proper installation requires specialized training, not just general computer knowledge. Check around in you local area for a qualified network installation technician. Instruct the installer to use Category 5e cable (or better) with RJ-45 connectors. The installer should be aware of x-ray equipment and fluorescent lights, as these devices are sources of interference and can affect your network performance an reliability. You should plan to use 100 MB network cards and have all your wiring certified at that speed. Wiring is a critical component of your network. Take the necessary steps to assure that the highest specifications are met for your wiring. |
| Wireless Networks | Wireless networks are to be used at your own risk due to the inherent nature of interference in dental office with x-ray machines and other devices. Wireless networks require professional installation to ensure appropriate security and to provide a reliable signal in order to operate correctly. |
| Power Supply | As part of your network installation, ask your installer to check the power input from electrical outlets throughout the office. Some buildings have a less reliable power supply that can cause network problems. |
| Network Cards |
In order to network the computers each computer will need a network interface card (NIC). This card provides the jack to plug your network wiring into the interface with your workstation.
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| Etc. | |
| UPS | A UPS, or uninterruptible power supply, provides clean, spike-free power to servers and workstations, which helps insure data integrity in the event of power fluctuations. In addition, they contain batteries that will supply power in the event of an outright power loss, again insuring data integrity and giving you time to properly shut down machines. A UPS should be considered an essential part of server installation and it is highly recommended that a UPS be used with each workstation as well. |
| Printers |
Hewlett-Packard printers are recommended due to being very well supported under both Windows and Linux. The HP LaserJet 1300 is a good choice for black-and-white printing in a SOHO setting.
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